Renal failure, also known as kidney failure, is a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This can result in a build-up of toxins in the body, leading to various complications such as electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and impaired kidney function. Renal failure can be acute or chronic, with different causes including dehydration, infections, medications, and underlying health conditions. Treatment may involve dialysis or kidney transplant in severe cases. Research in this area focuses on identifying new treatments, better understanding the underlying mechanisms of kidney disease, and improving outcomes for patients with renal failure.